An interesting experiment was carried out with a set of a single-phase generator with electromagnetic excitation ROTOR + STATOR:
In the experiment, the rotor electromagnet winding, connected in series, is connected through LATR and WATTMETER to a 220 V/50 Hz network. At the output, an excitation winding is used, with a resistance of 8 ohms. Further, through the WATTMETER, a 220V / 700W boiler is connected to it as an active load. Switching scheme and indicators on a visual slide
Judging by the readings of the WATTMETER, we get a power equal to 45 W from the network, and 140 W enters the load from the excitation winding (efficiency = P2 / P1 = 140/45 = 3.0). Let's try to figure out the CVC in the circuit sections of the primary and secondary circuits of our converter without moving parts. The circuit from the network to the LATR, which includes the FIRST WATTMETER. Mains voltage U1 = 220V, Power P = 45 W. The current strength for this indicator will be: I = P / U = 45/220 = 0.2A. The current in the primary circuit will be 0.2A.Perhaps the current strength indicator will have an increased value, but LATR is essentially a voltage divider. In our case, the armature electromagnet winding and the lower part of the LATR winding have a resistance calculated according to the parallel connection rule. The overall resistance will decrease. In the video, the author shows that the idle power of LATRA is 12 W, which means that the current in the circuit will be 0.05A. The real current in the rotor winding circuit will be 0.2 - 0.05 = 0.15A.Let's leave it for dessert, we will also consider the current in the rotor winding to be 0.21A, taking into account the decrease in voltage at the LATR output, to 210 volts.
Further, an interesting approach to determining the power in the circuit on the WATTMETER. I mean, consider the situation. The wattmeter at the input measures the voltage up to LATR, there are no complaints about it. Data on the voltage at the rotor terminals (in fact, at the output of the LATR: idle U2=210V; under load U3=111. We see that there is a voltage drop that is associated with the connection of the resistance of the rotor winding.According to the power calculation rule, it is necessary to take into account the real voltage and effective current in the circuit passing through the load P = I * U: 1) Option P= 0.2A * 111V = 22.2 W; 2) Option P = 0.15A * 111V = 16.6 W; 3) Option P = 0.21 A * 111 V = 23.3 W. As you can see, far from 45 W, but at idle LATRA has 0.12A * 220V = 26.6 W. How are you? The diagram of this process is below:
Now the most interesting thing is the measurement by the WATTMETER of the power of the secondary circuit - the winding of the generator and the active load. The WATTMETER shows 140 W of effective power, with a voltage at the phase terminals of 39V. You can roughly, very roughly calculate the current strength I = P / U = 140W / 39V = 3.59A. But I want to note that the total current for our load of 0.7 kW at 220V will be 3.18A. Our boiler was supposed to be hot, but it barely heats up.Here the reason is different, this current is a variant of compensation by the electric field of its potential difference. Our indicators: open circuit voltage U2 = 117V; under load U3 = 39V; winding resistance R1 = 8 ohms, you can calculate the load resistance by the formula R2 = U2 / P = 2202/700 = 69 ohms. We calculate the current strength of the secondary circuit I = (U2-U3) / (R1 + R2) = (117-39) / (8 + 69) = 1.2A. We can calculate the power in the secondary circuit P = 1.2A * 39V = 46.8 W. How do you like the difference 140W / 46.8W = 2.99.This is how to understand the algorithm for calculating the WATTMER, the indicator turned up, 117V * 1.2A = 140 watts. The formula of the so-called total power P = E*I, which is absurd in its essence, is used. Why you can read in my material "The resultant force of Ampere". How does this threaten the consumer and benefit the seller? If during the day the voltage in the consumer's network is raised by 2 volts several times, then your final result of power consumption will be more. You won't even notice it, you won't be able to check it. For that, on a regional scale, earnings from scratch from the seller.
Back to actually evaluating our transformation: let's do this in every aspect of our data:
1) According to input/output wattmeters: efficiency = 140 W / 45 W = 3.1;
2) According to the results of the calculation of the CVC of primary and secondary circuits: efficiency = 46.8 W / 16.6 W = 2.8 or 46.8 W / 22.2 W = 2.1;
3) For real power from the network and at the load: efficiency = 46.8 W / 45 W = 1.04.
I believe the red highlighted net conversion is in the ROTOR-STATOR assembly and is greater than one.
This data is within the conversion limits of Holcomb Energy Systems solid state generators.
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